• Will the Kids be Alright? 2 of 3

    Will the Kids be Alright? 2 of 3

     This post is the second in a series of three reviewing the book Life After Doom, Wisdom and Courage for a World Falling Apart by Brian D. McLaren. 

    ***

    In the first section of his book, McLaren addresses our natural tendency to turn a blind eye to climate change. He also encourages us to take care of ourselves, particularly our mental health, in the process of waking up to reality. Then he invites the reader to “let be” – to reach a place of insight. 

    Our civilization has created much good: think of the surgeries that now save lives, the medicines that allow people to live fully, air conditioning in the summer heat, the eating of fresh fruits in the dead of winter,  the air travel that allows us to explore our world – I could go on and on listing a multitude of ways our lives have been improved to the point we enjoy longer, healthier lives than ever before.  

    But, as McLaren outlines so well, there’s the human cost of all this progress. Children mining coltan for our smartphones, increasing asthma and cancer rates due to air pollution, and the ongoing over-heating of our world destroying homes, industries, and lives as wildfires rage like never before. This documentary on the fires in Los Angelos explains how our warming climate feeds fire. 

    Closer to home, think of Newfoundland and Labrador, and Halifax.  Read this news coverage detailing the most recent devastation there. 

    We are in overshoot, McLaren explains. We take from the Earth more than we repair or return and we spew more pollution than the Earth can detoxify. And Earth is letting us know. 

    Intertwined with the causes of climate change is our current civilization’s economy which has become so complex it is also fragile and ultimately, not sustainable. Consider how our economy relies on infinite growth in a finite system.

    We live in a complex civilization, and it is very difficult, even  overwhelming, to decide what needs to happen or whether we can even avoid these crises. We are not the first civilization to face the ending. Consider the Roman Empire, the Mayans, or our own Indigenous of Turtle Island. In fact, McLaren devotes an entire chapter to what we can learn from our Indigenous peoples. Consider that the collapse of our civilization, which has been shaped by the domination of colonial exploitation, might be viewed as a liberation by some. 

    One of the many, many resources that McLaren recommends to his readers is Sid Smith’s How to Enjoy the End of the World series on You Tube. I listened to this and it gave me a whole new perspective on the use of energy in the creation of past cultures and the astronomical trajectory that led to our current complex civilization. While Chapters 1,2 and 3 are an academic review of the laws of energy and thermodynamics (I have forgotten my high school physics classes, sorry Mr. Finch), and what is actually meant by a “complex” society, I found them a fascinating base for understanding his later videos on energy in the creation and fall of civilizations. In particular, his final chapter at the time of my posting this blog is Chapter 5 and it clearly explains ecological overshoot. If you pursue this, be sure to listen to his Prologue: Why You Shouldn’t Let Collapse Get You Down, first and his next video entitled Whaddya Mean Collapse?  

    Back to the book, McLaren explains our addiction to cheap fossil fuels as something that we will find very difficult to eradicate. Even our industrialized food production relies on fossil fuels (which is explained very well in the above video series). 

    McLaren compares the process we need to follow to what Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) asks of its members. The first step for a member is to admit addiction and that life has become unmanageable. McLaren declares,”Our civilization is powerless over our cheap energy addiction; our civilization has become unmanageable and needs to be restored to sanity.” 

    It’s unmanageable because in overshoot we are caught in a vicious cycle; we need to remove resources from the Earth to support our economic growth and for food production, but that growth will “intensify and hasten ecological collapse.” Put another way, we use up farmland to build new industry (to provide jobs which give us the income to purchase food) which results in damage to water sources and precious eco-systems, and less farmland to grow our food.

    Where and how do we get off this merry-go-round?

    McLaren quotes the Serenity Prayer used by AA: “God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference.” 

    The wisdom to know the difference is an area of much debate when it comes to what will reduce the impacts of climate change. He cites the examples of renewable energy, such as solar and wind, or electric cars and heat pumps, but then notes “massive amounts of copper, aluminum, cobalt, graphite, and manganese, along with rare earth metals, especially lithium” will be needed which will require “huge quantities of fossil fuels to mine, transport, and process these raw materials.” 

    Many solutions result in more ecological damage to our Earth – in other words, more problems. In addition, these resources are primarily on Indigenous lands. How will they be treated? “Other resources lie beneath forests and other delicate ecosystems; again you wonder how many will be sacrificed for our climate emergency,” McLaren asks. 

    Something I have been repeating to myself a lot lately is McLaren’s Chapter 10 title, “Maybe It’s Good, Maybe It’s Not.” I have used it when reflecting on the minor irritations and celebrations in life but also when thinking about the big issues. There’s talk of an east-west pipeline across Canada which would require extensive use of land, including Indigenous land, and cause significant damage. That’s bad..isn’t it? It would reduce Ontario’s reliance on U.S. gas and also open the opportunity to export gas to countries that could then replace their use of coal, a fuel which causes tremendous harm to the environment. That’s good… isn’t it?  An east-west electricity grid, supported by clean energy would benefit everyone…maybe/maybe not?

    In a world that is increasingly polarized in its opinions, we could all use a good dose of maybe it’s good, maybe it’s not. As a former colleague used to say, it’s a pretty thin pancake that doesn’t have two sides.

     And so, McLaren invites the reader to get beyond our bi-polar views, “this” is good and “that” is bad, and helps us to question what may be conventional wisdom for our current civilization. He asks instead, “Are profitable quarters and big returns for shareholders always good? Is a declining GDP always bad? Is growth in the number of billionaires always good?”

    I recently published a memoir of my parents and included a lot of ancestral history. It’s a story of multiple generations working to improve their lives and it haunts me to think that my husband and I, and our children may be the last generations to experience that upward mobility. Will a decline in circumstances become the norm for future generations? Is that bad? Is that good? How can we prepare them? In order to get ahead, do we need to go back? How far back?

    These questions may be more than academic in the face of the looming climate crisis. When we are prepared to question, to challenge what has been conventional wisdom, then perhaps we will open ourselves to the possibility of an alternate, more sustainable future. 

    There’s a lot of negativity in this reflection. I am writing about a book with the word “Doom” in its title and I am recommending you listen to a YouTube channel that suggests we enjoy the end of the world. McLaren takes this head on and leads the reader to what feels like an inevitable discussion about death. As a woman about to enter her 7th decade, I connected with the author’s description of life and death, that we must abandon our fear of death and instead realize we may have limited time here, and with that time we have a choice: keep destroying our precious environment or we can  “leave our descendants with a habitable world and the skills and virtues to flourish in it.” 

    With five grandchildren, I know what my choice is. 

    Here’s a reflection for you to consider as I bring this post to a close: If you were facing the possible ending of the world, and you had a choice, how would you describe where you are, what you are doing, and who you are with? 

    Next week: Let Come

    ***

    1. Life After Doom, Wisdom and Courage for a World Falling Apart, Brian D. McLaren, St. Martin’s Publishing Group, New York, 2024

    2.Inside the LA Firestorm – The Real Story – Documentary, PBS Terra, YouTube, Accessed August 13, 2025.

    3. CTV News, Thousands in St. John’s on evacuation notice as wildfires continue to spread, accessed August 13, 2025.

     https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/newfoundland-and-labrador/article/amid-nl-wildfire-evacuations-thousands-are-on-notice-near-st-johns/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/newfoundland-and-labrador/article/amid-nl-wildfire-evacuations-thousands-are-on-notice-near-st-johns/ 

    4. How to Enjoy the End of the World, Sid Smith, You Tube http://www.youtube.com/@bsidneysmith/ , accessed Aug. 13, 2025.

  • Will the Kids be Alright? 1 of 3

    Will the Kids be Alright? 1 of 3

    It’s September and the kids head back to school, or in the case of the two youngest grandchildren in our family, begin that journey. Time to think of their future.  

    I suspect that every generation has its worries about the generation to follow. Elders have long moaned about the failings of youth and have sounded the alarm for society. Even Socrates apparently got into the act, purportedly to have said, “The children now love luxury. They have bad manners, (and) contempt for authority.”

    I also hear people speak of hope concerning the next generation, seeing instead a measure of brilliance and a spark much needed for a different future. 

    My concern isn’t so much about the kids (I fall under the category of having faith in them), but I am concerned about the world they are inheriting from us. Our environment, specifically. 

    Do you share any of these concerns? Do you feel, like I do at times, overwhelmed by the magnitude of the crisis of climate change? I tell myself that I have given up plastic bags, I drive a hybrid vehicle, I recycle what I can…and then I see pictures of melting ice in the north, emaciated polar bears, or towns devastated by out-of-control wildfires, and my sense of being part of the solution is diminished.

    It was with this fear that I participated in a book study to explore author Brian D. McLaren’s Life After Doom, Wisdom and Courage for a World Falling Apart

    No mincing words here: it was a challenging read. McLaren’s writing style made the book approachable and readable; however, the content was not sugar-coated.  I am glad I read it with others as part of a book study where we took time to discuss and reflect on the questions provided by the author at the end of each chapter.  McLaren outlines, supported by heavily researched and resource-rich documentation, four possible future scenarios that make clear the choice of the word “Doom” in his book’s title. 

    He does not provide a plan to get us out of this scary future. Nor does he suggest, despite his faith background, including being a pastor, that God will make it alright if we just pray hard enough. 

    Don’t let McLaren’s pastor roots deter you from reading this book if you are not a church-goer. While he includes reflections in this area, they don’t get in the way of what he is telling the reader about our climate crisis.  (If anything, they make clear for the faithful why we need to be engaged in this issue. If you are interested in one minister’s reflections, you can check out this series, “Sermons for a World Falling Apart” on the book at Gale Presbyterian Church in Elmira. )

    What McLaren does is take you on a journey into the dark reality of what the changing climate is doing to our world, to our Earth, and to our responding behaviours, and then brings you into a place where you are inspired to work with others and essentially, to not give up. 

    I think it’s an important book, and thus I am sharing my understanding of what it is telling us over three separate blog posts (there’s a lot to uncover and I don’t touch on it all). I’ll post these weekly during September so the thread isn’t lost while you also have some time between each to absorb what McLaren is telling us.  

    Through the process of reading the book, sharing thoughts with others, and then delving a little deeper in preparation for writing my blog I learned a lot (including about the development of our complex civilization), I was challenged in my understanding of the issues and what might fix them, I felt some despair, and I felt some hope. 

    If we are still learning and evolving, as my blog envisions,  then I believe we have an opportunity to play an essential role in our families and communities as we face an uncertain future. If for no other reason, I invite you to join this reflection for the sake of your children and grandchildren or any other young people you may know.

    ***

    In the first section of chapters, readers are encouraged to “let go” – to let go of any illusions we may harbour that the crisis isn’t real. 

    Our world in its current state is unsustainable. In a nutshell, McLaren explains that the world “sucks out too many of the Earth’s resources for the Earth to replenish, and it pumps out too much waste for the Earth to detoxify.” He calls it a state of overshoot.  Essentially we have lived like there’s no end to the resources, and we have largely ignored any damage our lifestyles may be inflicting on the Earth and its inhabitants. 

    McLaren illustrates where we are at by asking us to think about how a tree is chopped down. Even after several wacks of an axe into a strong trunk, the tree will remain standing. For a surprisingly long time. But at some point, a tipping point is reached and one little push, light chop or a strong wind will bring the tree crashing down. Some scientists believe we have reached Earth’s tipping point, that it cannot handle more waste or further removal of its resources, and there’s no stopping the fall.  Others believe we have time, but it is running out fast.

    Wanting to hide from this reality or denying that climate change exists is actually easy for our brains. As humans, we naturally resist what we don’t understand, or what we can’t imagine. Being concerned about the climate requires that we predict future disasters, and that’s a difficult ask. We may also feel overwhelmed and simply shut down. We may want to avoid what McLaren describes as a “path of descent.” Some of us say – not my problem, I’m too old, let the youth fix it. Some of us think (hope) the problem is exaggerated. Others think “someone” (maybe someone in that smart younger generation) who knows more …or has more money… or has more influence will magically fix it. 

    McLaren lists in an appendix, 16 different biases we may rely on when it comes to thinking about climate change. For some insight into how our human emotions and bias impact this issue, (and how such behaviours may be hard-wired into us) take 30 minutes to listen to this episode of The Agenda with Steve Paikin. There’s some similarity in what his expert guests have to say and what McLaren’s book tells us.

    Despite the gloom, reading McLaren’s book did give me a measure of hope, although even that feeling is complicated as McLaren explains in one chapter. If I rely on that feeling of hope to the point I ignore what is happening across our planet, I won’t be engaged to be part of the solution.  Likewise, McLaren states: “Just as hope can give you permission to return to your previously scheduled complacency, so can despair.”

    So with a clarity that our future will be changed in foundational ways, along with a measure of complicated hope,  McLaren invites us to wake up to a new reality which may be very difficult for many of us to accept. 

    Where are you on the matter of climate change? Do you think we should be engaged with this issue? Do you worry? Can you identify a bias you may hold concerning climate change?

    Next week: Let It Be

    ***

    1.   The Literature Network Forums, accessed August. 13, 2025

    https://www.online-literature.com/forums/showthread.php?17788-Socrates-Plato-Complaining-of-the-Youth

    2. Life After Doom, Wisdom and Courage for a World Falling Apart, Brian D. McLaren, St. Martin’s Publishing Group, New York, 2024

    3. Gale Presbyterian You Tube, Sermons for a world falling apart, accessed Aug. 13, 2025

    4. TVO today, The Agenda with Steve Paikin, Are We Wired to Deny Climate Change, accessed Aug. 13, 2025

    https://www.tvo.org/video/are-we-wired-to-deny-climate-change

  • Resume versus Eulogy

    Resume versus Eulogy


    I recall my father telling me, with a hint of surprise in his voice, that he had fewer years left than what he had lived already. It was a concept I could not (or did not want to) fathom in my young adulthood. But now, suddenly it seems, I get it. Some days better than others.

    ***

    I have been doing a lot of thinking about resume virtues versus eulogy virtues lately. I was introduced to the concept in a writing workshop, The Wisdom Years, where we read an article by David Brooks, a cultural commentator for the New York Times and a Ted Talks presenter

    Brooks wrote that we have likely spent much of our lives focused on our resume virtues, those skills and values that framed our careers, and our efforts to earn a living. I identified with his reflections about this. To prospective employers, I listed the skills that I possessed which would support the company’s goals. Or, later in my career my focus was on developing my expertise so that clients would be willing to pay for my consultant services. I honed skills in areas such as punctuality, accuracy, technology, leadership, effective presentations… and even returned to school ( in my 50s) as I sought promotions, titles, and pay increases. Resume skills were an area I taught to students as a college professor.

    On the other hand, eulogy virtues, according the Brooks, may not have been given the same amount of attention yet they may be more important. These are the parts of our personalities that are responsible for the relationships we developed and nurtured throughout life, not in return for a pay cheque. The idea created questions for me such as, have I been a compassionate friend who supported others through the thick and the thin of life? Have I shared my time and gifts in making the lives of others easier, more joyful, or meaningful? Are my exchanges with others designed to build them up? Am I present or mindful in my interactions?

    As Maya Angelou expressed it: people may forget what you said or did, but “people will never forget how you made them feel.”  How do people feel after interacting with you? Think of those people who make you feel better about yourself, or loved, after an encounter. What’s their magic sauce?

    In the workshop we were encouraged to draft our own eulogy with the thought, how would I want to be remembered? And if we have not been drawing on those eulogy virtues, perhaps it is time to focus on them, to bring them to the forefront as we consider how we will spend these wisdom years, the time when for most of us, our careers and work lives are over. 

    It was a compelling exercise… and then I attended two funerals. 

    The first was for a 90+ year-old woman who had been a wife and mother, who worked outside the home and raised two sons. It was clear in the remarks from her grown grandchildren and her daughter-in-law that this woman had lived a eulogy life. Her job in a law office was worth about two lines in one of the presentations. The rest talked of how she made her children and grandchildren feel safe and loved because of her quiet, steadfast, and supportive presence in their lives, including air travel to attend a wedding in western Canada when in her 80s. It was a true testament and celebration of a life well-lived and appreciated for her love, compassion, and time and attention. 

    The second funeral was more challenging as it was for the 71-year-old husband of a long-standing, good friend. He had just fully retired 3 1/2 months prior and his death was sudden. This man was a veterinarian who brought compassion to the care he provided to both large and small animals over his career and yet, his work life was just a side-bar to the stories that were shared at his funeral by his close friends and his three children. It was clear that his humour and his caring heart made life better for others. He was a good friend who took the time to tell others how he felt about them; as one described it, he had empathy for others. He was the glue that brought everyone together. I know from personal experience that he sought to build bridges of understanding between people in a quiet, respectful manner. Grown men were unashamed as they shed tears because of this loss. His daughter told us she had received a message from him just days before his death in which he told her how proud he was of her. The kind of message we are told time and time again to send, send, send NOW! Don’t wait! The funeral was also a reminder to us all that we have a finite time, and I have no doubt that many of us asked ourselves on the way home, what are we doing with that time?

    My reflections turned to my mother, who in her 60s told me she was still waiting for something, some “more” to life yet, and this “something more” remained elusive. She struggled to define it. 

    At this stage of life there does come a niggling thought that, surely there’s more to life. Talk to most people and they will express the thought that It all happened very quickly. Are we really this age, already? 

    Perhaps it is in the restlessness one feels after retirement when we have a new sense of time and freedom… when we ask, what now? When those work skills we so carefully developed in earlier years don’t seem so important anymore. 

    Perhaps it is because we are struck with the sobering thought that we have lived more years of our life than what we have left. How we invest our time now is more important than ever, and my friend’s funeral brought that fact home. And, I was humbled by the realization that my friend had shared his eulogy virtues throughout his life.

    For some of us, perhaps now is the time to think about the virtues we might have ignored or set in the background as we built careers. When our time was limited by the competing demands of career, marriage, kids, family obligations etc.  Now we have time to focus on those values that move beyond the trappings of stature or career. Perhaps now is the time to focus on what is really important: our relationships with family and friends. 

    In the Hindu faith, this time of life is referred to as the “vanaprastha” years, when the elder members leave the household duties to the younger and take on the role of advisor or guide. It can also be a time of spiritual journey, of introspection, a time to recognize we are not immortal. 

    My mother was clearly doing some introspection when she wondered, what now?, after successfully raising five kids. I hope she had others to talk with, others who would be able to recognize the reflection that was going on behind the words. Such sharing can enrich life when we meet others who truly see us.

    How are you experiencing the “vanaprastha” time of your life? What do you think about the concept of resume versus eulogy virtues? How do you enhance your important relationships? Is there someone you need to connect with now?

    ***

    Read David Brook’s full article here: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/12/opinion/sunday/david-brooks-the-moral-bucket-list.html#:~:text=It%20occurred%20to%20me%20that,you%20capable%20of%20deep%20love%3F

    David Brooks Ted Talk https://www.ted.com/talks/david_brooks_should_you_live_for_your_resume_or_your_eulogy

    If a writing workshop on The Wisdom Years appeals, check it out here: https://thestoryguides.com/the-wisdom-years

    Vanaprastha: Becoming Conscious of Your Mortality, https://isha.sadhguru.org/en/wisdom/sadhguru-spot/vanaprastha-becoming-conscious-mortality

  • Oh Canada!

    Oh Canada!

    Canada Day! What does it mean to you?

    I’m a typical Canadian, which means my celebration is usually low key; however, given the state of the world these days, my latent patriotism is peaking through. Elbows up!

    But it’s a day that evokes both good and bad reflections as I think about its importance to me and to Canada. 

    July 1 actually has a sad, personal memory for me – it’s the date in 1994 when my beloved father passed away. He was a proud Canadian, served his time in the air force during World War II, and took an interest in the growth and development of his country over the years. As a product of his time, he was not taught about the tragedies that marked that development, and of which we are so aware of today. 

    Some might attribute that to being “woke,” but I suspect my father would have supported acknowledging this dual perspective, as we can only truly appreciate what we have when we consider all of the sacrifices and acknowledge the errors of the past.  This post is not intended to be a finger wagging exercise, nor a summary of all the ways in which we have failed each other, but I want to acknowledge a couple as I recall some happy personal July 1 celebrations. 

    Eleven years ago my husband and I enjoyed a train trip through the Canadian Rockies and it was breathtaking, in a way the mountains can be only when you see them in person. Travelling through them was a feeling like no other as I sat in wonder of this natural creation. 

    It was made particularly memorable when we slowed down at Craigellachie, in Eagle Pass, British Columbia, and if you recall your Canadian history, you will know this is the site of the last spike. On November 7, 1885, a ceremonial last spike was driven into the Canadian Pacific Railway at this location. The railway was a massive undertaking designed to connect this country like a ribbon of steel across prairies, farmland, and mountains. Sounds poetic, eh? 

    As it happened, the date our train travelled by this historic site was July 1, and one of the young waiters on board sang O’Canada as we passed through. It is probably the most memorable Canada Day I have ever experienced. The pride in my country ran deep. 

    But, I am not unaware of the dark side of this history, and the fact many lives, in particular those of Chinese labourers, were lost due to falling rocks, landslides, or avalanches. The Chinese men were purposely brought from China to do this dangerous work on the railway, and they were paid less than other workers. And subsequent to this, our government’s treatment of Chinese immigrants was shameful.

    This memorable trip spawned an idea to experience Canada Day in as many different places in Canada as I could. I have joined throngs of people in Ottawa, our nation’s capital. I thoroughly enjoyed an International Tattoo in Halifax, Nova Scotia; cooked a lobster dinner in Crow Head, Newfoundland and visited the Terry Fox Memorial in St. John; bicycled an approximately 34-kilometre ride on the Guelph to Goderich Rail Trail; and bicycled from Niagara on the Lake to Niagara Falls, Ontario. (and yes, that is me to the left cooling off after one of these rides!)

    I hope to add to the list of varying Canadian locales as I am able. Next on the list is to go north around Lake Superior and possibly into Manitoba! (by car, not bike!)

    I am also aware, as I celebrate what this great country has to offer, that there are others who don’t feel the same. In particular, the ancestors of the original inhabitants of this land who had their lives, their livelihoods, and even their children stolen in the name of colonial progress.

    Again, I will be considered “woke” by some, but after having the privilege to research and write my own family history, I was struck by the thought: what would this experience of looking back be like for someone whose past is either difficult, or even unobtainable because it was obliterated by colonist actions and attitudes. 

    Truth and Reconciliation, as I understand it, asks that we educate ourselves about this history. It does not ask that we don’t enjoy or celebrate what is good about our country, but that we do so while acknowledging and recognizing it can’t be the same for others. And by promising to do better in the future. We can’t erase the past, only recognize it and commit to doing better. I also sense a bit of a turning of the tide in that we may be starting to recognize that many of the Indigenous ways were better and we have much to learn as we move into a changing future. I hope to share more about this thought in a future post; in the meantime,  consider this article about Indigenous people taking climate action to everyone’s benefit.

    So, however you acknowledge this day, I hope we can agree that the land bordered by Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic oceans in its natural state is beautiful, worth celebrating, and worth preserving. 

    It isn’t a perfect society, but its pretty damn good compared to many others. So I plan to wear my red and white with pride, and hope that as a society we continue on the path to make the necessary amends so we can be unashamedly proud of a true north, strong and free. 

    Here is a final link to a song I just heard that captures much about Canada and it may just make you smile and feel pride in who we are as Canadians. It’s published on YouTube with the request that it be shared wide and far. It was written by an 87-year old man! Read his inspiring story here!

    Canada Day 2025 – what does it mean to you? Please share!

    ***

    1. CBC, What Does Canada Day Mean to You, YouTube, June 27, 2025

    2. The Canadian Encyclopedia, The “Other” Last Spike, by James H. Marsh, last edited January 17, 2017. 

    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-other-last-spike-feature

    3. Royal Nova Scotia Tattoo https://nstattoo.ca

    4. CityNews, Indigenous Perspectives on Canada Day, July, 2023 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAbCj8j8uMk

    5. CBC News, What-On-Earth, What it looks like when Indigenous people take control of climate stewardship on their land

    https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/what-on-earth-land-back-climate-1.7571644

    6. YouTube, We Are Canadian! As One We Stand

    We Are Canadian! As One We Stand

    Lyrics: Ellis Pringle Craig

    Music: Carey Leonard Blackwell

    Vocals/guitar: Brant Garratt

    Arrangement, piano, organ, bass, drums: Bruce Ley

    Recorded, mixed & mastered: Bruce Ley Studios

    Producer: Leisa Way Video production: Ellis Pringle Craig (Royalty free photos)

    Song licensed by SOCAN

    7. We Are Canadian! As One We Stand, by Ellis Craig, published by 55 Plus Lifestyle Magazine.